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PTC stands for Positive Temperature Co-efficient, an inherent characteristic of a selected material. It means that the electric resistance of the said material increases with the increase of the temperature as shown in Figure 1.
PTC films refers to such films with the desirable PTC characteristic and inks used to form these such films, are referred to as PTC Inks.
PTC films are generally used as heating elements which mainly provide infra-red radiation to the environment which are known as PTC heating films.
Distinguished from other regular heating elements whose electric resistances are relatively constant, a PTC heating film is capable of controlling the temperature itself, by regulating its heating power via its electric resistance response to temperature.
The science behind this self-regulation is based on the principal of the Ohm Law: [I = V/R, and P=I*V =V*V/R, where I is current, V is Voltage, R is Resistance, P is power).
At low temperatures, its resistance is lower, so its heating power is larger resulting in the temperature quickly increasing. While the temperature increases, its resistance rises as well and therefore decreasing its heating power at the same time.
During a short period and certain temperature, its heating power decreases to point where it simply balances the energy loss of the system, maintaining a constant.
In our proprietary PTC film, the PTC characteristics are scientifically achieved by controlling the distance between conducting domains (particles of carbon black mostly) through the designed thermal expansion of the polymeric binder employed in our PTC inks in nano-scale and in quantum fashion.
At a lower temperature (below Tg), the polymer chains are mainly frozen. Their thermal expansion is limited, so the carbon particles are closer to each other which offers high conductivity (low resistivity).
When the temperature increases, polymer chains start to move and stretch and when the temperature approaches its Tg, its expansion increases dramatically, so does the distance between carbon particles, thus as a result, the conductivity quickly decreases (resistivity quickly increases), so does its heating power.
PTC代表正温度系数,是选定材料的固有特性。这意味着所述材料的电阻随温度的升高而增大,如图1所示。
ptc薄膜是指具有理想ptc特性的此类薄膜,用于形成此类薄膜的油墨称为ptc油墨。
ptc薄膜通常用作加热元件,主要向环境提供红外辐射,称为ptc加热薄膜。
与其他电阻相对恒定的常规加热元件不同,ptc加热膜通过对温度的电阻响应来调节加热功率,从而实现对温度的控制。
这种自我调节背后的科学依据是欧姆定律的原理:i=v/r,p=i*v=v*v/r,其中i是电流,v是电压,r是电阻,p是功率。
在低温下,其电阻较低,因此其加热功率较大,导致温度*升高。随着温度的升高,它的电阻也随之升高,从而降低了它的加热功率。
在短时间内,在一定温度下,其加热功率下降到平衡系统能量损失的程度,并保持恒定。
在我们的**ptc薄膜中,ptc特性是通过控制导电畴(主要是炭黑颗粒)之间的距离,通过设计用于ptc油墨的聚合物粘合剂的热膨胀,以纳米尺度和**方式实现的。